Transposition of the great arteries appears in around 1 in 3,000–5,000 live births, near 0.02%–0.03% of newborns.

Oral thrush affects about 2–5% of healthy newborns, peaking around week four; rates run higher with prematurity or recent antibiotics.

Congenital CMV occurs in 1 in 200 U.S. births; most newborns look well at birth, yet some develop hearing or developmental issues later.

In the United States, hemolytic disease of the newborn shows up in about 1.7% of live births overall, with Rh-mediated cases near 45–100 per 100,000 births.

In 2022, the U.S. recorded 1,529 SIDS deaths—about two in five sleep-related infant deaths in babies under 1.

False positives are uncommon in pulse-ox CCHD screens (~0.06% after 24 hours) and more frequent in blood-spot panels, where many positives don’t confirm.

Heart murmurs in newborns are heard in about 0.5–1% of babies during routine checks, and many are harmless transition sounds.

Tongue-tie appears in about 3–8% of newborns worldwide, with rates shifting by definition and screening method across studies today.

In U.S. programs, about 2–10% of newborns don’t pass the first hearing screen, and most pass a quick rescreen soon after.

Diaper rash is common: around 1 in 3 babies at any time, and it can show up in newborns within the first weeks of life.